The human brain remains one of the world’s most enigmatic mysteries, with modern science still uncovering its intricacies, including how neurons respond to stimuli and situations. Neuroscience delves into understanding the mechanisms behind these neuronal reactions.

In the Western historical context, the study of brain science began with Edward Smith’s detailed descriptions of its anatomy, physiology, and pathology. Figures like Hippocrates regarded the brain as the ‘organ of intellect’ or ‘the guiding spirit,’ while philosopher-scientists such as Herophilus and Galen saw it as the ‘seat of the soul.’

Contrastingly, in Indian tradition, a distinct framework is used to elucidate the higher cortical functions of the human brain, employing the term ‘manas’ or mind instead of brain. Early philosophical texts delve into mental functions like cognition, emotion, and volition through the concept of the mind, considering ‘manas’ as the essence of consciousness. Consciousness, in this context, manifests in waking, dream, and dreamless sleep stages.

Neuroscience, a relatively recent discipline, aligns with psychology but primarily focuses on understanding brain function and neuronal responses.

Conclusion:

The convergence of Hindu mythology and neuroscience offers unique insights into understanding brain function. While Western tradition views the brain as the seat of intellect or soul, Hindu philosophy emphasizes the concept of ‘manas’ as the essence of consciousness. Exploring these perspectives enriches our understanding of the complexities of the human brain and the nature of consciousness itself.

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